Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism

Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government—and defining different forms of government isnt as easy as it might seem.   All nations have an official type of government as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook. However, a nation’s own description of its form of government can often be less than objective. For example, while the former Soviet Union declared itself a democracy, its elections were not â€Å"free and fair† as only one party with state-approved candidates were represented. The USSR is more correctly classified as a socialist republic. In addition, the boundaries between various forms of government can be fluid or poorly-defined, often with overlapping characteristics. Such is the case with totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism. What is Totalitarianism? Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany September 1937. Fox Photos/Getty Images Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the state’s power is unlimited and controls virtually all aspects of public and private life. This control extends to all political and financial matters, as well as the attitudes, morals, and beliefs of the people. The concept of totalitarianism was developed in the 1920s by Italian fascists. They attempted to spin it positively by referring to what they considered totalitarianism’s â€Å"positive goals† for society. Still, most Western civilizations and governments quickly rejected the concept of totalitarianism and continue to do so today. One distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is the existence of an explicit or implied national ideology—a set of beliefs intended to give meaning and direction to the entire society. According to Russian history expert and author Richard Pipes, Fascist Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini once summarized the basis of totalitarianism as â€Å"Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.† Examples of characteristics that might be present in a totalitarian state include: Rule enforced by a single dictatorThe presence of a single ruling political partyStrict censorship, if not total control of the pressConstant dissemination of pro-government propagandaMandatory service in the military for all citizensMandatory population control practicesProhibition of certain religious or political groups and practicesProhibition of any form of public criticism of the governmentLaws enforced by secret police forces or the military Typically, the characteristics of a totalitarian state tend to cause people to fear their government. Rather than trying to allay that fear, totalitarian rulers encourage it and use it to ensure the people’s cooperation. Early examples of totalitarian states include Germany under Adolf Hitler and Italy under Benito Mussolini. More recent examples of totalitarian states include Iraq under Saddam Hussein and North Korea under Kim Jong-un. What is Authoritarianism? Fidel Castro circa 1977. David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images   An authoritarian state is characterized by a strong central government that allows people a limited degree of political freedom. However, the political process, as well as all individual freedoms, is controlled by the government without any constitutional accountability In 1964, Juan Josà © Linz, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Political Science at Yale University, described the four most recognizable characteristics of authoritarian states as: Limited political freedom with strict government controls imposed on political institutions and groups like legislatures, political parties, and interest groupsA controlling regime that justifies itself to the people as a â€Å"necessary evil† uniquely capable of coping with â€Å"easily recognizable societal problems† such as hunger, poverty, or violent insurgencyStrict government-imposed constraints on social freedoms such as suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activityThe presence of a ruling executive with vague, shifting, and loosely defined powers Modern dictatorships, such as Venezuela under Hugo Chà ¡vez or Cuba under Fidel Castro, typify authoritarian governments.   While the People’s Republic of China under Chairman Mao Zedong was considered a totalitarian state, modern-day China is more accurately described as an authoritarian state because its citizens are now allowed some limited personal freedoms. Totalitarian Versus Authoritarian Governments In a totalitarian state, the government’s range of control over the people is virtually unlimited. The government controls nearly all aspects of the economy, politics, culture, and society. Education, religion, the arts and sciences, even morality and reproductive rights are controlled by totalitarian governments. While all power in an authoritarian government is held by a single dictator or group, the people are allowed a limited degree of political freedom. What is Fascism? Rarely employed since the end of World War II in 1945, fascism is a form of government combining the most extreme aspects of both totalitarianism and authoritarianism. Even when compared to extreme nationalistic ideologies like Marxism and anarchism, fascism is typically considered to be at the far-right end of the political spectrum. Fascism is characterized by the imposition of dictatorial power, government control of industry and commerce, and the forcible suppression of opposition, often at the hands of the military or a secret police force. Fascism was first seen in Italy during World War I, later spreading to Germany and other European countries during World War II. Historically, the primary function of fascist regimes has been to maintain the nation in a constant state of readiness for war. Fascists observed how rapid, mass military mobilizations during World War I had blurred the lines between the roles of civilians and combatants. Drawing on those experiences, fascist rulers strive to create a rabidly nationalistic culture of â€Å"military citizenship† in which all citizens are willing and prepared to take on some military duties during times of war, including actual combat. In addition, fascists view democracy and the electoral process as an obsolete and unnecessary obstacle to maintaining constant military readiness. They also consider a totalitarian, one-party state as the key to preparing the nation for war and its resulting economic and social hardships. Today, few governments publicly describe themselves as fascist. Instead, the label is more often used pejoratively by those critical of particular governments or leaders. The term â€Å"neo-fascist, for example, describes governments or individuals espousing radical, far right political ideologies similar to those of the World War II fascist states.

Sacagawea Guide to the West

Social Media and Satire Essay Samples - a Brief Outline

Social Media and Satire Essay Samples - a Brief Outline The Unexposed Secret of Social Media and Satire Essay Samples For instance, you might reason the most recent Oscar winner in some category or the tendency generally. Lots of people have tried to capture the value of social networking. Especially, it's important that we understand and regulate the usage of social networking by young children. In the current technological world, lots of people, both young and old, have embraced using social media like Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler and My Space among others so as to connect with one another. Up in Arms About Social Media and Satire Essay Samples? Individuals would say drug or alcohol is more addicted than social media or societal media addiction isn't big issues, but it's not correct. It will be quite helpful if you never got such tasks before, so it is possible to comprehend the genre itself, its principles and fashion. Think of what effect you wish to get, how you would l ove to impress your audience and which aspects you wish to stress. Bullying on social networking effects on society has come to be one of the top 3 reasons for teen suicide, with an additional two teens saying they had attempted suicide as a consequence of cyber bullying. What You Should Do to Find Out About Social Media and Satire Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind When you decide about what to describe in your satire essay, you want to find out what your point is. Humor needs to be directed to some total point or your bit of writing will appear incomplete and scattered. Guidelines on Writing Satire Essays There are plenty of rules which you've got to bear in mind prior to writing your essay. There are they. The Downside Risk of Social Media and Satire Essay Samples Yes, even songs aren't exempted. Still, lots of people may not recognize how satire may be used properly. Preparing a satire essay is just one of the most difficult ones as it should be something like a literary bit of writing. Now, it is considered to be a genre of literature. In the simplest of terms, it is the act of exaggerating a specific wrong in order to imply something that is right. Political satire is just one of the most frequent forms used on modern society. Things You Won't Like About Social Media and Satire Essay Samples and Things You Will The Internet is now the simplest means of searching for information and conduct personal enterprise. Business accounts on social networking accounts serve quite a few purposes. Social media also provides a lot once it comes to fiscal considerations. Recently, Facebook has made it simpler to understand and adjust your privacy settings but it's up to the user to make sure their privacy is guarded. Providing statistical details about various surveys enables organisations to recognize the crucial areas they ought to concentrate on to be able to build a good brand image online. While social media has its benefits, it's important that businesses are acutely conscious of their very own social networking strategies. There are benefits and disadvantages of social networking. Tip There are lots of forms of conservative republicans. The Dirty Facts About Social Media and Satire Essay Samples One of the best negative impacts of social networking is causing a rapid gain in the ordinary weight of adolescents, which can be a significant problem later on. When it comes to individual impact, social networking sites were shown to be both beneficial and boon. Social networking is a rising trends on the planet today. With government involvement, electronics and societal media can readily be wiped away from Earth. The non-testing businesses are clueless in regards to delighting the cus tomers. People ought to keep in mind that the huge majority of Americans or emigrants trying to locate their American dream in the usa will not succeed. They are getting triggered on social media and becoming miserable as if they had a mental illness for 5 years. Social networking is available to criminals and friends. The Upside to Social Media and Satire Essay Samples Many people have the inclination to react much faster to humor, especially in the event that you succeed to make them see absurdity the way that you do. When one is requested to write about social networking, it's imperative they open their thinking to avert a limited stream of ideas. Learn how to enjoy everything the world has to offer you. Without technology, everybody in the world would be happy.

Sources of Economic Value Analysis for IVM vs IVF - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theSources of Economic Value Analysis for IVM vs IVF. Answer: Introduction Economic value refers to the maximum amount of money a client is willing to give for an item or a service in an open market economy. The economic value of a product or service is usually set by the partialities of a certain group of people and the tradeoffs its members create given their own resources. Economic value is right connected to the worth that any given market places on a product. Considerably the Economic value cannot be considered as static since it fluctuates whenever the prices or the qualities of similar products changes. The way people decide to spend their earnings, therefore, defines a product or service economic value. Sources of economic value for IVM vs IVF There are several sources of economic value which are differing between the two cycles. These sources act as a determinant factors from which the clients will base their decisions on which one to adopt and the one to ignore. These factors ranges from the clients expected outcome and the consequences to incur in undergoing the whole process. Based on the lecture notes the following sources have been identified as the key determinants of economic value comparison between the IVM and the IVF(Smith Desvousges, 2011). Hormonal side effects to clients IVF step one which involves the process of Hormonal stimulation has had many side effects both physical and physiological. These side effects include but not limited to; Nausea, mood swings, general discomfort and reduced sexual desires which to some cases leads to loss of work days. This step of Hormonal stimulation is avoided when it comes to IVM cycle but the rest of steps such as egg aspiration, fertilization and Embryo transfer adopted typically as in the IVF(Richardson Loomis, 2014). Considering both physical and psychological side effects which are associated with this initial step of IVF cycle such as Nausea, mood swings and general discomforts; clients are likely to shy away from going the IVF mode to IVM. This is clearly a source of economic value favoring the IVM mode to IVF(Debreu, 2011). The costs incurred to undergo either the IVM or IVF The IVM mode makes use of only the 2-4 steps of IVF. Due to this avoidance of the hormonal stimulation first step of IVF, the number of significant costs of the IVM becomes considerably low since some costs such as prices for IVM media have been cut. This mode aggregates to $4,000 less costly when it is assessed in consideration with the IVF mode. Clients will prefer this mode to IVF since its quite cheaper. This as well becomes a source of economic value in favor of IVM mode(Woodward Wui, 2014). Methods used to determine the willingness of couple to pay for a Cycle of IVM Hormonal side effects The effects of hormonal stimulation as depicted by the IVF cycle had negative impacts and due to this factor, it is even evident that a couple could even start the process and terminate before even reaching the final stage. This confirms the severity side effects of this mode. Having an alternative to evade these severe psychological and physical tortures was a big relieve. This relief was no other than the introduction of IVM. This shows that clients with infertility problems would be highly willing to pay for this mode to evade the severe side effects involved with adopting the IVF cycle(Richardson Loomis, 2014). Time taken for the egg maturity Initially, the maturity period taken by the egg was 30 days. This is the statistics based on the IVF cycle. This is considerably a long time periods of waiting considering the alternative period of 2 days applicable in the IVM cycle. The waiting time cost in this scenario would then play a very significant role for the choice to be made by the client. To evade these long periods of egg maturity waiting, clients would be willing to sacrifice any amount purposely to have this cycle hastened(Smith Desvousges, 2011). Individual decision on the amount to charge for a cycle Holding some factors constant such as insurance coverage, channels and regulations I would charge $12000 for a cycle of IVM. Basing my argument on the utility theory of value where the price and the value are believed to solely be based on the level of satisfaction an individual receives from a certain product or a service(Smith Desvousges, 2011), IVM cycle had all the benefits clients would wish to get in cases of infertility problem. To begin with, it did not have the side effects initially encountered in its earlier version IVF. Secondly, the maturity of eggs could take 2 days which was quite a reduced duration when compared to the time this maturity process could take in IVF (30 days). These two important improvements of IVM cycle compared to IVF cycle ensured high levels of client satisfaction. According to Utility theory of value, these benefits of IVM over the IVF directly qualified this Cycle to me of more value than IVF and bearing in mind that the cost of IVF stood at $9000, this satisfies my proposed cost for the IVM cycle(Richardson Loomis, 2014). References Debreu. (2011). Theory of value: An axiomatic analysis of ecological equilibrium. Washington: University press. Richardson, Loomis. (2014). sources of economic value to an industry. Journal of ecological economics, pp.126-187. Smith, Desvousges. (2011). An empirical analysis of the economic value. journal of political economy, pp.134-156. Woodward, Wui. (2014). The economic value of healthy services .